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The events of the painting tell about the bloody battle at Thermopylae in 480 BC, when three hundred brave Spartans led by their king Leonidas blocked the path of the thousands-strong army of the Persian king Xerxes. Despite the numerical advantage of the Persians, the Spartans persistently held the defense, showing courage and bravery. Their fearlessness and heroism inspired all of Greece to unite against an invincible enemy, thereby turning the tide of the Greco-Persian Wars.